4/5/2023 0 Comments Emory endnote![]() ![]() Search for more citation style manuals in OneSearch. APA (American Psychological Association) Style.MLA (Modern Language Association) Style.Four of the most commonly-used citation styles in academic writing are: Your instructor, department, college, or editor may recommend that you use a particular style-or they may ask that you simply be consistent. ![]() You can also read more on our Research Guides. University of Arkansas policies relating to Academic Integrity can be found at. Plagiarism and academic dishonesty go beyond simply cutting and pasting text from an article or book into your paper without attribution they can include paraphrasing without attribution or even citing sources that you have not consulted in your Works Cited list.Ĭiting your sources is the first step to avoiding plagiarism. The consequences of plagiarizing another's work can be very serious for one's course grade or for one's entire academic career. ![]() ![]() Plagiarism is defined in the University of Arkansas Catalog of Studies as "offering as one’s own work the words, ideas, or arguments of another person without appropriate attribution by quotation, reference or footnote" (section on "Academic Regulations: Academic Honesty"). You can find guidelines for quotation practice in many style manuals or guides for researchers. When you reproduce an author's exact wording and phrasing, you must place the text within quotation marks or set off the text in block quotes or other formats recommended in various style manuals.Įven if you re-word the material in your own terms, a practice called "paraphrasing," you must credit the source of the information. Practicing "cite as you write" and keeping track of ideas and quotations that you use in your own writing helps you to avoid plagiarism or charges of research misconduct. Footnotes, endnotes, and lists of works consulted provide substantiation for your own findings and ideas. Together, these studies illustrate that the heterogeneity among type 2B VWD mutations is evident in AIM-A1 fragments.When you use other authors' ideas and words in your own writing, it is important to credit them - even if you do not quote their words exactly as written.Ĭiting your sources allows your reader to identify the works you have consulted and to understand the breadth and scope of your research. Lastly, examination of the mechanical stability of each variant revealed variable AIM unfolding. V1316M exhibited exceptional instability and solvent exposure compared with all variants. Conversely, mutation P1266L, associated with normal platelet levels, has similar proportions of high-affinity molecules to wild-type (WT) but shares regions of solvent accessibility with both WT and other type 2B VWD mutations. We found that the A1 domain with mutations associated with severe bleeding occupy a higher affinity state correlating with enhanced flexibility in the secondary GPIbα-binding sites. In this study, we produced recombinant glycosylated AIM-A1 fragments bearing type 2B VWD mutations and examined how each mutation affects the A1 domain’s thermodynamic stability, conformational dynamics, and biomechanical regulation of the AIM. Understanding how these mutations localizing to a similar region can result in such disparate patient outcomes is essential for detailing our understanding of VWF regulatory and activation mechanisms. All reported type 2B VWD mutations share this enhanced binding however, type 2B VWD manifests as variable bleeding complications and platelet levels in patients, depending on the underlying mutation. Type 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder in which a subset of point mutations in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 domain and recently identified autoinhibitory module (AIM) cause spontaneous binding to glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) on the platelet surface. ![]()
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